What is the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children?

Gastroenteritis in children is primarily caused by viral infections, which account for the majority of cases. The leading culprits are viruses such as rotavirus and norovirus. These viruses are highly contagious and can spread quickly in settings like schools and daycare centers, where children are in close contact with one another.

Viral gastroenteritis leads to inflammation of the stomach and intestines, resulting in symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Because of the viral nature of the infections, they often resolve on their own without the need for antibiotics or specific medical treatment, aside from managing dehydration and ensuring children remain hydrated.

While bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections can also cause gastroenteritis, they are less common in children compared to viral infections. Bacterial gastroenteritis typically requires a different set of clinical considerations and often arises from contaminated food or water. Fungal infections are rarer and are usually associated with immunocompromised states, while parasitic infections occur infrequently and typically have different risk factors and transmission routes.